In 2012 the “Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness” declared that there was sufficient evidence, neurological and otherwise, to attest to the presence of consciousness – including intentionality and affective states – in nonhuman animals. After a many century hiatus, science could be said to have returned to the “unscientific” belief most persons have (and many cultures have) that animals have consciousness, minds that think and feel… spirits and souls even? Peter Wohlleben’s writings echo this view, and in fact extend it even further to apply to plants (primarily, trees; quoting his webpage “To work with trees is my life.”)
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